Engineering Knowledge Base & Standards

Technical Articles & Standards Breakdown

Deep-dive technical guides written by senior high-voltage application engineers covering IEC 61869-3 standards, PT selection, ferroresonance mitigation, and accuracy class guidelines.

AI Data Center Series

Instrument Transformers for AI Data Centers

Two long-form engineering guides, six original diagrams and a practical planning model for the CTs and PTs between the 110 kV grid and the GPU rack.

Engineering Guide 7 min read

Electromagnetic PT vs. Capacitive CVT: Selection Guide for 110kV–500kV Substations

A comprehensive technical comparison between Inductive Voltage Transformers (PT) and Capacitive Voltage Transformers (CVT), analyzing frequency response, economics, ferroresonance, and footprint for grid designers.

Dr. Michael Vance, PEChief HV Electrical Engineer

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Standards & Compliance 9 min read

Understanding IEC 61869-3: Accuracy Classes, Burdens, and Temperature Rise Limits

An engineer-focused breakdown of IEC 61869-3 standards governing inductive voltage transformers, detailing 0.2S revenue metering requirements, thermal limits, and partial discharge acceptance criteria.

Elena RostovaHead of Quality & Compliance Testing

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